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Self-inflicted burns

D R Cameron1, S P Pegg, M Muller

  • 1Burns Unit, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries
|January 16, 1998
PubMed
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Self-inflicted burns are a significant cause of hospital admissions. This study differentiates between suicide attempters and self-mutilators, highlighting distinct characteristics and outcomes in burn patients.

Area of Science:

  • Trauma Surgery
  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Self-inflicted burns represent a notable proportion of admissions to specialized burn units globally.
  • Understanding the demographics, motivations, and outcomes of these patients is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted with self-inflicted burns.
  • To differentiate between patients attempting suicide via burning and those engaging in self-mutilation.
  • To analyze the impact of self-immolation on burn severity and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for patients with self-inflicted burns (1990-1995) and self-immolation (1984-1995) at Royal Brisbane Hospital Burns Unit.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, burn size (total burn surface area - TBSA), psychiatric diagnoses, and alcohol intoxication.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of outcomes between suicide attempters and self-mutilators.

    • Main Results:

    • 44 cases (4.1%) of self-inflicted burns among 1072 admissions; average age 30 years, average TBSA 30%.
    • 71% had psychiatric diagnoses (schizophrenia, depression, personality disorder); alcohol intoxication was common in others.
    • Self-immolation with flammable liquids had a 45% mortality rate, contrasting with self-mutilators who had less severe burns and no fatalities. Self-inflicted burns comprised 24% of intensive care unit admissions.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant differences exist between suicide attempters and self-mutilators regarding burn severity and mortality.
    • Self-immolation is associated with severe burns and high mortality, constituting a substantial portion of major burn admissions.
    • Burn units must address the complex psychiatric and substance abuse issues underlying self-inflicted burns.