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Help-seeking for psychiatric disorders

R C Bland1, S C Newman, H Orn

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton.

Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie
|January 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Women under 45 with more severe mental health disorders are more likely to seek help. However, a large majority of individuals with a disorder do not seek professional mental health support.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Mental Health Services Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Understanding factors influencing mental health help-seeking is crucial for public health.
  • Previous research indicates disparities in accessing mental health care.
  • The Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)/DSM-III criteria are standard for diagnosing mental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with seeking help for mental or emotional problems.
  • To ascertain the proportion of individuals with diagnosed mental disorders who utilize professional services.
  • To explore the types of healthcare professionals sought by individuals receiving care.

Main Methods:

  • A two-stage random sample of 3956 adult residents in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was initially interviewed using the DIS.

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  • A follow-up interview, averaging 2.8 years later, involved 1964 subjects using the DIS and a healthcare utilization questionnaire.
  • Statistical analyses adjusted for age and sex to ensure the reinterview sample represented individuals with and without prior diagnoses.

    • Main Results:

    • The one-year prevalence rate for a DIS/DSM-III diagnosis was 31% (570 subjects).
    • Significant predictors for help-seeking included being female and under 45 years old.
    • Comorbidity substantially increased help-seeking rates (42.8% for multiple diagnoses vs. 20.3% for single diagnoses).
    • Overall, 28% of those with a diagnosis sought professional help; 7.7% without a diagnosis also sought help.
    • Help-seeking varied by diagnosis, with 46.7% for major depressive episode versus 16.0% for alcohol abuse/dependence.

    Conclusions:

    • Key determinants for seeking mental health services are being female, under 45, illness severity, and comorbidity.
    • A significant majority (72%) of individuals with a mental disorder do not seek professional help.
    • Over one-third of individuals seeking help do not meet current diagnostic criteria for a DIS/DSM-III disorder.