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Tissue engineering of cardiovascular structures

J E Mayer1, T Shin'oka, D Shum-Tim

  • 1Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
|January 16, 1998
PubMed
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Tissue engineering (TE) offers a promising solution for heart valve and artery replacement. TE constructs demonstrated growth, function, and structural integrity in lamb models, addressing limitations of current prosthetics.

Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cardiovascular Surgery

Background:

  • Heart valve and great artery diseases are major causes of death.
  • Current prosthetic devices have significant risks like thrombosis, infection, and limited durability.
  • Existing prosthetics do not accommodate patient growth, necessitating reoperations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of tissue engineering (TE) for creating functional cardiac valve and great artery replacements.
  • To assess the in vivo performance, including growth and remodeling, of TE constructs in a preclinical model.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of cardiac valve leaflets and large conduit arteries using autologous cells and biodegradable polymers.
  • Implantation of TE constructs into the pulmonary circulation of growing lambs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of structural organization, physiological function, thrombus formation, and growth over a 4-month period.

    • Main Results:

    • TE constructs exhibited structural organization similar to native tissues.
    • Satisfactory physiological function was observed in the implanted TE structures.
    • Absence of thrombus formation and evidence of growth were demonstrated in the TE constructs.

    Conclusions:

    • Tissue engineering provides a viable approach for creating living, functional replacements for cardiac valves and great arteries.
    • TE constructs show potential for growth, self-repair, and remodeling, overcoming limitations of current prosthetic devices.
    • These findings support the advancement of TE for pediatric and adult cardiovascular applications.