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Egg substitutes: chemical and biologic evaluations

M T Childs, J Ostrander

    Journal of the American Dietetic Association
    |March 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Dried whole egg (DWE) outperformed egg substitutes in nutritional content and rat growth studies. Egg yolk replacers (EYR) showed lower lipid and cholesterol levels than DWE, impacting rat growth and liver lipid profiles.

    Area of Science:

    • Food Science
    • Nutritional Biochemistry
    • Animal Nutrition

    Background:

    • Egg products are common food ingredients.
    • Egg substitutes are available commercially.
    • Nutritional comparison of egg products and substitutes is important.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the nutritional composition of dried whole egg (DWE) with commercial egg substitutes.
    • To evaluate the impact of DWE versus an egg yolk replacer (EYR) diet on rat growth and lipid metabolism.

    Main Methods:

    • Lipid, cholesterol, phospholipid, and fatty acid profiles of DWE, liquid egg substitute, powdered egg substitute, and EYR were analyzed.
    • Rat growth and liver/serum lipid responses were assessed using diets containing DWE or EYR, with and without supplements.

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    Main Results:

    • All egg substitutes had lower total lipid, cholesterol, and phospholipid content than DWE.
    • Powdered substitute had significantly less lipid and cholesterol than DWE, but similar fatty acid distribution.
    • Liquid substitute and EYR had fatty acid profiles similar to soybean oil.
    • Rats fed DWE showed the best growth, followed by supplemented EYR, then unsupplemented EYR diets.
    • DWE diets led to increased liver weight, liver lipids, liver cholesterol, and slightly higher serum cholesterol compared to EYR diets.

    Conclusions:

    • Egg substitutes, particularly powdered forms, are nutritionally inferior to DWE in terms of key lipids and cholesterol.
    • DWE supports superior growth and influences lipid metabolism differently than EYR in rats.
    • Supplementation partially mitigates the negative effects of EYR on growth but does not fully replicate DWE's nutritional benefits.