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Trans fatty acids and cardiovascular risk

D Kritchevsky1

  • 1The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids
|January 16, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Trans fats, found in partially hydrogenated oils, do not appear to cause health problems at current intake levels, according to expert reviews. Further research is recommended, particularly concerning maternal and infant health.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Partially hydrogenated fats are the primary source of trans fatty acids (trans fats).
  • Trans fats accumulate in tissues but are metabolized when intake ceases.
  • Previous studies indicate varied effects across different species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the health implications of dietary trans fats.
  • To assess the impact of trans fats on cholesterol levels and cardiovascular markers.
  • To review current scientific consensus on trans fat safety.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on trans fat ingestion and effects.
  • Analysis of animal models (rats, rabbits, monkeys) and human studies.
  • Examination of tissue composition in subjects with and without coronary disease.

Main Results:

  • Trans fats show no adverse effects on growth or reproduction in rats.
  • In rabbits and monkeys, trans fats are hypercholesterolemic but not more atherogenic than cis fats.
  • In humans, trans fats elevate cholesterol, potentially influenced by linoleic acid intake; Lp(a) elevation is inconsistent.
  • Trans fatty acid levels in tissues of subjects with coronary disease are comparable to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Expert committees in the US and UK conclude that current dietary trans fat intake levels pose no health risks.
  • Further research is necessary, especially concerning the effects during pregnancy, lactation, and on neonatal health.
  • Focus should remain on broader aspects of dietary fat and overall health, rather than solely on trans fats.

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