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Structure and function of vertebral trabecular bone

T H Smit1, A Odgaard, E Schneider

  • 1Department of Clinical Physics and Engineering, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Spine
|February 12, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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The study found that lumbar vertebral bone architecture is primarily shaped by walking, with specific structures adapting to various loads like compression and joint forces.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedic research
  • Bone morphology

Background:

  • Bone architecture is linked to mechanical function (Wolff's Law).
  • Vertebrae endure diverse loads, yet exhibit consistent architecture, implying adaptation to typical stresses.
  • Understanding lumbar vertebral form and function is crucial for biomechanical analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correlate the form and function of vertebral trabecular bone.
  • To elucidate the mechanical function of a lumbar vertebra.

Main Methods:

  • Combined morphologic and finite-element analysis of five lumbar vertebral trabecular bone cubes.
  • 3D reconstruction and computerized analysis of bone architecture (bone volume fraction, mean bone length).
  • Finite element modeling to calculate internal stresses under various loads.

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Main Results:

  • Bone volume fraction showed a weak correlation with stress during axial compression.
  • Higher bone volume fractions and finer architectures were observed at sites experiencing multiple load types.
  • Trabecular bone architecture largely corresponds to stress fields, particularly under axial compression, with specific structures linked to intervertebral disc and facet joint loads.

Conclusions:

  • Lumbar vertebral trabecular bone architecture is significantly influenced by the mechanical demands of walking.
  • The orientation of facet joints and bone structure suggest adaptation to locomotion-induced stresses.