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[Hepatitis C virus and mixed cryoglobulinemia in dialysis]
P Colombo1, A Cascina, C Monzeglio
1Servizio di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, Vercelli.
Insights
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in dialysis patients, with a 7% association found between HCV and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC). Further research is needed to confirm HCV
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Virology
- Immunology
Context:
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence in dialysis patients varies significantly by region.
- Transmission routes of HCV in dialysis units remain unclear, posing management challenges.
- A link between HCV infection and essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) has been suggested.
Purpose:
- To investigate the correlation between HCV and EMC in dialysis patients.
- To explore the potential etiological role of HCV in EMC within this population.
Summary:
- 44.4% of 63 dialysis patients tested positive for anti-HCV antibodies.
- 7% of anti-HCV positive patients were diagnosed with EMC (Type II cryoglobulins).
- This study highlights a 7% association between HCV and EMC in chronic dialysis patients.
Impact:
- Suggests a potential etiological role for HCV in EMC among dialysis patients.
- Underscores the need for further investigation, including viral RNA detection, to clarify the pathogenesis.
- Informs management strategies for dialysis units dealing with HCV and cryoglobulinemia.
Abstract:
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) varies in the dialytic population according to the geographic area (5-85%); the European average is 19%, with marked differences between dialysis units. The means of virus transmission is still not clear and represents one of the major management problems faced by dialysis units. US authors and European study groups have recently demonstrated a high level od HCV infection in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC), suggesting that the virus plays an etiological role. The authors examined the correlation between mixed cryoglobulinemia and HCV and the possible etiological role of the virus in the pool of patients undergoing dialysis at the Centre. In September 1994 28/63 (44.4%) patients were found to be Ab anti-HCV positive (second and third generation ELISA); circulating cryoglobulins identified as Type II following immunofixation were found in 2/28 patients (7%) using centrifugation and cold incubation techniques. In the absence of the pathologies classically associated with cryoglobulinemia, the patients were diagnoses as suffering EMC. The HCV/EMC correlation in the dialysed population has been analysed in a limited number of studies, with discrepant results (0-47%). This paper highlights the association between HCV and EMC in 7% of chronic dialysed patients and given that the finding of anti-HCV Ab in serum solely documents previous exposure to the virus, we can only indirectly attribute an etiological role to HCV. The search for viral RNA in the serum, cryocrit and surnatant of patients found affected by EMC may provide additional etiopathogenetic information.