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Theoretical and applied external ear acoustics

B B Ballachanda1

  • 1Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology
|January 20, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The external ear modifies sound signals, acting as a filter and resonator. Changes in ear canal dimensions or obstructions significantly alter this sound pressure transfer function.

Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Human Physiology
  • Bioengineering

Background:

  • The external ear (pinna and ear canal) is crucial for auditory perception.
  • It functions as a filter, resonator, and spatial cue enhancer for acoustic signals.
  • Variations in the ear canal's physical dimensions impact its acoustic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review published research on the sound pressure transfer function of the human external ear.
  • To understand how anatomical variations and obstructions affect acoustic signal processing.
  • To highlight the significance of external ear characteristics on auditory perception.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on the external ear's sound pressure transfer function.
  • Analysis of research examining the effects of physical dimensions and obstructions.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Synthesis of findings related to acoustic signal modification by the external ear.

    • Main Results:

    • The external ear filters low frequencies, resonates mid-frequencies (2.0-7.0 kHz), and provides direction-dependent filtering at high frequencies.
    • Physical variations (individual differences, blockages, hearing aid use) alter the external ear transfer function.
    • Changes in acoustic signal characteristics lead to significant disparities in auditory responses.

    Conclusions:

    • The external ear's acoustic properties are sensitive to physical changes.
    • Understanding the external ear transfer function is vital for audiology and hearing aid design.
    • Individual differences and external factors significantly influence how sound is transmitted to the eardrum.