Anti-inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with septic shock

We measured the plasma levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-4 and IL-10; inflammatory cytokines, including IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor receptor I and II (TNFR I and TNFR II); and endotoxin in 11 patients with septic shock associated with gram-negative bacteria and 12 patients with sepsis not associated with shock. The plasma levels of IL-1ra and IL-10 were elevated in the septic shock group compared with the sepsis group. TNFR I and TNFR II levels tend to be higher in the septic shock group. The plasma level of TRNF-alpha was significantly correlated with levels of IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-10, TNFR I, and TNFR II. The elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, TNFR I, and TNFR II, appeared to reflect an attempt to suppress the shock syndrome.