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Neonatal septic arthritis

W B Pittard, J D Thullen, A A Fanaroff

    The Journal of Pediatrics
    |April 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Neonatal septic arthritis of the knee, often linked to umbilical catheterization, affects infants in intensive care. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for recovery, though fungal infections carry a higher mortality risk.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Orthopedic Surgery

    Background:

    • Neonatal septic arthritis of the knee is a serious condition requiring prompt recognition and management.
    • Umbilical catheterization is a common procedure in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
    • Identifying causative pathogens is critical for effective treatment and understanding disease transmission.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the incidence and causative agents of neonatal septic arthritis of the knee.
    • To investigate the relationship between umbilical catheterization and the development of septic arthritis.
    • To evaluate the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and mortality associated with this condition.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective review of nine cases of neonatal septic arthritis of the knee over a two-year period.

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  • Analysis of microbial cultures from joint fluid, blood, and umbilical skin.
  • Correlation of clinical data, including umbilical catheter use and co-existing infections.

    • Main Results:

    • An incidence of 16.5 per 1,000 NICU admissions was observed.
    • Common etiologic agents included Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus group B, Klebsiella, and Candida albicans.
    • Eight infants had matching organisms cultured from the umbilicus and joint, with all having umbilical catheters; two infants with fungal infections died.

    Conclusions:

    • Neonatal septic arthritis of the knee is frequently associated with umbilical catheterization and omphalitis.
    • Bacterial septic arthritis can present as the primary feature of neonatal septicemia, sometimes with osteomyelitis.
    • Prompt diagnosis and treatment lead to favorable outcomes in most bacterial cases, but systemic fungal infections have a significant mortality risk.