Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in HIV infection: principles and clinical applications

Wasting is a common manifestation of AIDS that diminishes quality of life and is predictive of death. Body composition changes can occur in asymptomatic HIV infection, suggesting that early detection and treatment could potentially prevent the downward spiral to serious wasting. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method for estimating body composition that is gaining widespread use among HIV-infected populations. In this article, the principles underlying BIA and its appropriate applications and limitations in HIV/AIDS are described.