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A completely biological tissue-engineered human blood vessel

N L'Heureux1, S Pâquet, R Labbé

  • 1Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement and Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada. nheureux@bioeng.ucsd.edu

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|January 23, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed the first fully biological tissue-engineered blood vessel (TEBV) using only human cells. This novel TEBV demonstrates high burst strength and functional endothelium, paving the way for improved vascular grafts.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) traditionally require synthetic or exogenous biomaterials for structural integrity.
  • Developing completely biological alternatives is crucial for enhancing biocompatibility and reducing complications in vascular grafts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a novel, completely biological TEBV using only cultured human cells, eliminating the need for synthetic scaffolds.
  • To evaluate the structural, mechanical, and functional properties of this cell-only TEBV for potential clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and fibroblasts to form distinct cellular sheets for the media and adventitia, respectively.
  • Assembled these cellular layers around a temporary tubular support, followed by maturation and removal of the support.

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  • Seeded endothelial cells into the lumen and assessed vessel organization, extracellular matrix production, cell differentiation markers, and functional assays.

    • Main Results:

    • The developed TEBV exhibited a well-defined three-layered structure with significant extracellular matrix deposition, including elastin.
    • SMC reexpressed desmin, a key differentiation marker, and the endothelium demonstrated functional markers like von Willebrand factor and PGI2 production.
    • The cell-only TEBV achieved a burst strength exceeding 2000 mmHg, comparable to native human vessels, and showed favorable handling in grafting experiments.

    Conclusions:

    • This study presents the first completely biological TEBV produced without any synthetic or exogenous biomaterials.
    • The cell-only TEBV meets critical grafting requirements, including high burst strength, excellent surgical handling, and a functional endothelium.
    • This innovative approach holds significant promise for the future of vascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.