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Occupational asthma induced by garlic dust
B Añibarro1, J L Fontela, F De La Hoz
1Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain.
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|January 23, 1998
Summary
Occupational asthma caused by garlic allergy is rare but affects young individuals with pollen allergies. Sensitization to other Liliaceae family members, like onions, is common in these cases.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Occupational Health
- Food Science
Background:
- Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated diseases are rarely attributed to garlic dust.
- Occupational asthma is a significant concern for individuals exposed to specific environmental triggers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate occupational asthma in garlic workers.
- To identify specific allergens in garlic responsible for IgE-mediated sensitization.
Main Methods:
- Skin prick tests and serum-specific IgE were performed for garlic and related foods.
- Bronchial challenge tests with garlic powder were conducted.
- Protein analysis using electrophoresis and immunoblotting identified specific garlic allergens.
Main Results:
- Seven out of 12 garlic workers demonstrated garlic sensitization via bronchial challenge.
- Patients with garlic allergy were young, frequently had pollen allergies, and showed cross-reactivity with other Liliaceae.
- A 54 kd protein in garlic extract was identified as a major allergen.
Conclusions:
- Occupational allergy to garlic was confirmed in seven patients.
- Garlic allergy is uncommon but linked to young age, pollen allergy, and Liliaceae family sensitization.
- Structural similarities exist between allergens in garlic, onion, and certain pollens.
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