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Sahel nutrition survey, 1974

T I Kloth, W A Burr, J P Davis

    American Journal of Epidemiology
    |April 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Accurate nutrition assessment is vital during food shortages. A study found over 10% of children aged 6 months to 6 years in several African nations were severely undernourished, highlighting the need for rapid assessment tools.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Nutrition Science
    • Pediatrics

    Background:

    • Accurate nutrition status assessment is crucial during food shortages for effective aid distribution and impact evaluation.
    • Child undernutrition poses significant public health challenges in developing nations, requiring timely and reliable surveillance methods.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the prevalence of severe and acute undernutrition in young children in several West African nations during a period of food shortage.
    • To evaluate the utility of the weight-for-height index as a rapid assessment tool for child undernutrition.

    Main Methods:

    • A population proportional sampling method was employed to select participants.
    • The weight-for-height index was used as the criterion for assessing nutritional status, being relatively independent of sex, race, and age.

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  • The study focused on children aged approximately 6 months to 6 years in Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Upper Volta, and Chad.
  • Main Results:

    • Approximately 10% of the sampled children in Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Upper Volta were found to be severely and acutely undernourished.
    • Over 20% of the sampled children in Chad exhibited severe and acute undernutrition.
    • The study observed that younger children were initially affected, with older children's undernutrition prevalence increasing as the food shortage intensified.

    Conclusions:

    • The weight-for-height index proved to be a reliable and effective tool for the rapid assessment of acute undernutrition in children during a food shortage.
    • This nutrition surveillance method is a fundamental tool for developing nations requiring prompt evaluation of child nutritional status in crisis situations.
    • The findings underscore the critical need for targeted nutritional interventions in the studied regions.