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Related Experiment Videos

Bone mass, lean mass, and fat mass: same genes or same environments?

T V Nguyen1, G M Howard, P J Kelly

  • 1Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

American Journal of Epidemiology
|January 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Bone density, lean mass, and fat mass are strongly influenced by genetics. However, environmental factors primarily drive the connections between these factors and bone mineral density (BMD).

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Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Genetics
  • Body composition

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental influences on bone mineral density (BMD), lean mass, and fat mass is crucial for bone health.
  • Twin studies provide a powerful design to disentangle genetic and environmental contributions to complex traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to BMD, lean mass, and fat mass.
  • To investigate the shared genetic and environmental influences among these parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Sydney Twin Study of Osteoporosis, including 57 monozygotic and 55 dizygotic female twin pairs.
  • Employed multiple regression and univariate/multivariate model-fitting analyses to estimate heritability and shared influences.

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Main Results:

  • High heritability estimates for lean mass (80%), fat mass (65%), and BMD at multiple sites (76-79%).
  • Lean mass significantly determined areal BMD, while fat mass was a key determinant of volumetric BMD.
  • Environmental factors predominantly mediated the association between lean mass and fat mass, and also contributed significantly to BMD interrelationships.

Conclusions:

  • Lean mass, fat mass, and bone density are substantially under genetic regulation.
  • The associations between BMD and body composition, as well as between lean and fat mass, are largely influenced by environmental factors.