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Related Experiment Videos

Bone mass, lean mass, and fat mass: same genes or same environments?

T V Nguyen1, G M Howard, P J Kelly

  • 1Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

American Journal of Epidemiology
|January 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Bone density, lean mass, and fat mass are strongly influenced by genetics. However, environmental factors primarily drive the connections between these factors and bone mineral density (BMD).

Area of Science:

  • Bone biology
  • Genetics
  • Body composition

Background:

  • Understanding the interplay of genetic and environmental influences on bone mineral density (BMD), lean mass, and fat mass is crucial for bone health.
  • Twin studies provide a powerful design to disentangle genetic and environmental contributions to complex traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to BMD, lean mass, and fat mass.
  • To investigate the shared genetic and environmental influences among these parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Sydney Twin Study of Osteoporosis, including 57 monozygotic and 55 dizygotic female twin pairs.
  • Employed multiple regression and univariate/multivariate model-fitting analyses to estimate heritability and shared influences.

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Main Results:

  • High heritability estimates for lean mass (80%), fat mass (65%), and BMD at multiple sites (76-79%).
  • Lean mass significantly determined areal BMD, while fat mass was a key determinant of volumetric BMD.
  • Environmental factors predominantly mediated the association between lean mass and fat mass, and also contributed significantly to BMD interrelationships.

Conclusions:

  • Lean mass, fat mass, and bone density are substantially under genetic regulation.
  • The associations between BMD and body composition, as well as between lean and fat mass, are largely influenced by environmental factors.