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Physiologic comparison of forward and reverse wheelchair propulsion
F J Salvi1, M D Hoffman, S Sabharwal
1Sports Performance and Technology Laboratory, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53295, USA.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|January 24, 1998
Summary
Reverse wheelchair propulsion is more physiologically demanding than forward propulsion. This study found higher oxygen uptake, ventilation, heart rate, and perceived exertion with reverse wheeling, indicating it is not more economical.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Biomechanics
- Rehabilitation Science
Background:
- Conventional wheelchair propulsion is energy-intensive due to limited muscle engagement and low mechanical efficiency.
- Previous studies suggested reverse wheeling might offer improved economy, prompting further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the physiological demands of forward versus reverse wheelchair propulsion techniques.
- To determine if reverse wheeling is a more economical method of wheelchair propulsion.
Main Methods:
- A repeated measures design was employed with ten able-bodied male participants.
- Subjects performed graded exercise tests on a wheelchair ergometer using both forward and reverse propulsion.
- Physiological measures included oxygen uptake (VO2), ventilation (VE), heart rate, blood lactate ([La]), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).
Main Results:
- All measured physiological variables (VO2, VE, heart rate, [La], RPE) were significantly higher (p < .05) during reverse wheeling compared to forward wheeling.
- Oxygen uptake (VO2) was, on average, 9% higher with reverse wheeling at equivalent power outputs.
Conclusions:
- Reverse wheelchair propulsion imposes greater physiological stress than conventional forward propulsion.
- The findings do not support the hypothesis that reverse wheeling improves the economy of wheelchair propulsion.