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Cholera in a developing megacity; Karachi, Pakistan

A Sheikh1, A Khan, T Malik

  • 1Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.

Epidemiology and Infection
|January 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Cholera remains frequent in Karachi despite urbanization. Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 outbreaks affected all ages, particularly young children, with O139 disappearing by 1996.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cholera remains a persistent public health challenge in Karachi, Pakistan, despite rapid urbanization and economic growth.
  • Understanding the trends of Vibrio cholerae infections is crucial for effective disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze microbiological, temporal, and demographic trends of Vibrio cholerae infections in Karachi.
  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139.

Main Methods:

  • Computerized isolation data from AKUH Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (1990-1996) were analyzed.
  • Microbiological, temporal, and demographic data of Vibrio cholerae isolates were examined.
  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare patient demographics and infection characteristics.
Keywords:
Age FactorsAsiaBacterial And Fungal DiseasesBiologyBlood ProteinsCholeraClinical ResearchDemographic FactorsDeveloping CountriesDiseasesHemic SystemInfectionsPakistanPhysiologyPopulationPopulation CharacteristicsPopulation DynamicsResearch MethodologyResearch ReportSouthern AsiaTime Factors

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Main Results:

  • 888 Vibrio cholerae strains (566 O1, 204 O139) were isolated from 886 patients.
  • Isolations peaked during summer months (June-August), with overlapping epidemics of O1 and O139 in 1993-1994.
  • Children under 5 years accounted for 44% of isolates; O1 infections were more common in younger patients (mean age 19.6) than O139 (mean age 36.7).
  • Emergence of resistant strains was noted, and Vibrio cholerae O139 disappeared by 1996.

Conclusions:

  • Cholera affects all demographics in Karachi, with a significant burden on young children.
  • Distinct temporal patterns and age distributions were observed for Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139.
  • The disappearance of O139 suggests potential for strain replacement or resolution, but ongoing surveillance for cholera is essential.