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Molecular analysis of foot-and-mouth disease type O viruses isolated in Saudi Arabia between 1983 and 1995
A R Samuel1, N J Knowles, R P Kitching
1OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Surrey, UK.
Abstract:
Partial nucleotide sequence of the capsid polypeptide coding gene 1D (VP1) was determined for 68 serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated between 1983 and 1995 from outbreaks occurring in Saudi Arabia. The sequences were compared with previously published sequences: 14 viruses of Middle Eastern origin (isolated between 1987 and 1991); and with four vaccine virus strain sequences, three originating from the Middle East (O1/Turkey/Manisa/69, O1/Sharquia/Egypt/72 and O1/Israel/2/85) and one from Europe (O1/BFS 1860/UK/67). The virus isolates from Saudi Arabia and the Middle East vaccine virus strains formed a related genetic group distinct from the European O1 virus. Within this large group 12 distinct genetic sublineages were observed.
Insights
Genetic analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O revealed distinct lineages in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East. These isolates formed a unique group separate from European strains, showing 12 sublineages.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals.
- Serotype O FMDV is a significant cause of FMD outbreaks globally, particularly in the Middle East.
- Understanding the genetic diversity of FMDV is crucial for effective disease control and vaccine development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To genetically characterize serotype O foot-and-mouth disease viruses (FMDV) isolated in Saudi Arabia.
- To compare these Saudi Arabian isolates with other Middle Eastern and European FMDV strains.
- To identify genetic lineages and evolutionary patterns within serotype O FMDV.
Main Methods:
- Partial nucleotide sequencing of the capsid polypeptide 1D (VP1) gene.
- Phylogenetic analysis of viral sequences.
- Comparison with existing FMDV sequence data from the Middle East and Europe.
Main Results:
- Sequencing of the VP1 gene from 68 FMDV serotype O isolates from Saudi Arabia (1983-1995).
- Saudi Arabian and Middle Eastern FMDV strains formed a distinct genetic cluster.
- This cluster was genetically separate from the European O1 virus strain.
- Twelve distinct genetic sublineages were identified within the Saudi Arabian and Middle Eastern FMDV group.
Conclusions:
- FMDV serotype O in Saudi Arabia exhibits significant genetic diversity.
- The FMDV strains in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East share a common genetic origin distinct from European strains.
- The identified genetic sublineages highlight the need for geographically specific FMDV surveillance and control strategies.