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DNA damage induced by peroxynitrite: subsequent biological effects

C Szabó1, H Ohshima

  • 1Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Critical Care, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.

Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry
|January 27, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Nitric oxide and superoxide create peroxynitrite, a strong oxidant that damages DNA. This review covers DNA modifications like 8-nitroguanine, 8-oxoguanine, and strand breaks, plus related processes such as apoptosis and cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide are biologically relevant molecules.
  • Their reaction product, peroxynitrite, is a potent oxidant.
  • Peroxynitrite can damage critical biomolecules, including DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overview DNA modifications induced by peroxynitrite.
  • To highlight the formation of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxoguanine.
  • To discuss secondary effects of DNA damage, including apoptosis and carcinogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on peroxynitrite and NO-induced DNA damage.
  • Focus on chemical reactions and biological consequences.
  • Analysis of oxidative stress markers and cellular responses.

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Main Results:

  • Peroxynitrite formation leads to significant DNA modifications.
  • Key lesions include 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxoguanine.
  • DNA single-strand breaks are induced, activating poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase.

Conclusions:

  • Peroxynitrite-mediated DNA damage is a significant pathway in oxidative stress.
  • This damage can trigger cellular events like apoptosis.
  • Chronic DNA damage may contribute to carcinogenesis.