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Modern thoughts on an ancyent marinere: function, evolution, regulation

D L Hartl1, A R Lohe, E R Lozovskaya

  • 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. dhartl@oeb.harvard.edu

Annual Review of Genetics
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
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The mariner/Tc1 superfamily, including mariner-like elements (MLEs) and Tc1-like elements (TLEs), are widespread Class II transposable elements. Regulation mechanisms like overproduction inhibition and dominant-negative complementation are identified, explaining their inactivation and mobilization.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The mariner/Tc1 superfamily comprises diverse Class II transposable elements, with mariner-like elements (MLEs) and Tc1-like elements (TLEs) being distinct families.
  • These elements exhibit a broad host range, are prevalent in invertebrates, and are found in vertebrates, including humans, where they can be recombination hotspots.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory mechanisms governing the activity of mariner/Tc1 transposable elements within genomes.
  • To understand how these elements are maintained, inactivated, and mobilized across different host species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of sequence similarity to classify elements into families and subfamilies.
  • Studies using engineered mariner elements and transposase mutations to identify regulatory mechanisms.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Investigation of transposable element mobilization in hybrid dysgenesis models, such as in Drosophila virilis.

    • Main Results:

    • Two key regulatory mechanisms identified: overproduction inhibition and dominant-negative complementation.
    • Overproduction inhibition occurs when excess wild-type transposase reduces element excision.
    • Dominant-negative complementation involves mutant transposase proteins inhibiting wild-type activity, potentially leading to vertical inactivation.

    Conclusions:

    • The identified regulatory mechanisms provide insights into the evolutionary success and persistence of mariner/Tc1 elements.
    • These mechanisms, including inactivation pathways and mobilization during hybrid dysgenesis, contribute to the population dynamics of transposable elements.