Capture-recapture: reconnaissance of a demographic technique in epidemiology

The objective of this paper is to review capture-recapture (CR) methodology and its usefulness in epidemiology. Capture-recapture is an established and well-accepted sampling tool in wildlife studies, and it has been proposed as a cost-effective demographic technique for conducting censuses. However, the application of CR in the field of epidemiology requires consideration of relevant factors such as the nature of the condition under surveillance, its case definition, patient characteristics, reporting source and propensity for misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. The use of CR in epidemiology has expanded over the last 10 years and no doubt will continue to be adopted. Although it has a role in public health surveillance, a more traditional approach to disease monitoring seems more advantageous in certain instances.