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Osteoporosis and oral bone loss
1Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology/Department of Radiology, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology
|January 1, 1997
Summary
Osteoporosis is linked to oral bone loss, particularly in women over 50. Further research is needed to confirm this association and develop diagnostic methods for dental applications.
Area of Science:
- Oral health
- Bone metabolism
- Radiology
Background:
- The association between osteoporosis and oral bone loss was first proposed in 1960.
- Studies indicate increased mandibular porosity and decreased bone mass after age 50, more so in females.
- Bone mineral content (BMC) in jaws correlates with other skeletal sites like metacarpals, forearms, vertebrae, and femurs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review literature on the association between osteoporosis and oral bone loss.
- To emphasize radiological evidence supporting this link.
- To discuss implications for clinical dentistry.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on radiological, histomorphometric, and microradiographic studies.
- Analysis of clinical studies correlating jaw bone density with other skeletal sites.
- Examination of age- and sex-related differences in bone loss.
Main Results:
- A marked increase in mandibular cortical porosity and decrease in bone mass observed after age 50, with greater impact on females.
- Estimated annual bone mineral content loss of 1.5% in females and 0.9% in males.
- Significant variation in bone density exists among individuals.
Conclusions:
- A definitive association exists between osteoporosis and oral bone loss.
- Systemic factors of osteoporosis may interact with local periodontal factors to accelerate alveolar bone loss.
- Further longitudinal studies and development of cost-effective diagnostic tools are necessary for clinical application.