Endoscopic surgery. The end of classic surgery?

Area of Science:

• Gynecology
• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Surgical Techniques

Background:

• Gynecological endoscopy is a well-established surgical approach.
• Laparoscopic techniques are effective for managing most gynecological disorders.
• Conventional laparotomy is being replaced by endoscopic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current applications and indications of gynecological endoscopy.
• To highlight the expanding role of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in gynecological care.
• To emphasize the continued importance of conventional surgery in specific scenarios.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and clinical practices in gynecological endoscopy.
• Analysis of indications for laparoscopic and hysteroscopic procedures.
• Comparison of endoscopic techniques with conventional laparotomy.

Main Results:

• Laparoscopy is indicated for functional conditions like urinary incontinence, genital prolapse, and gynecological oncology (e.g., radical hysterectomy, lymphadenectomy).
• Hysteroscopy provides easier surgical access for pathologies such as septate uterus and endometrial ablation.
• The indications for conventional surgery are decreasing but remain crucial for complex cases.

Conclusions:

• Gynecological endoscopy, particularly laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, is becoming the standard of care for a wide range of gynecological conditions.
• While endoscopic procedures are increasingly prevalent, conventional laparotomy remains indispensable for the most challenging surgical cases.
• Conventional surgical training is vital for gynecological surgeons to manage complex situations effectively.