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Betel: consumption and consequences

S A Norton1

  • 1University of Hawaii's John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|February 3, 1998
PubMed
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Betel quid, a mixture of areca nut, betel leaf, and lime, is widely chewed for stimulant effects. Regular betel use is linked to oral health issues, including cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Oral Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Betel quid is a mixture of areca nut (Areca catechu), betel leaf (Piper betle), and lime.
  • It is consumed by approximately 200 million people globally, primarily in South Asia and the Western Pacific.
  • Betel is among the most widely consumed substances, surpassed only by nicotine, ethanol, and caffeine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the composition and effects of betel quid.
  • To highlight the association between betel use and oral health conditions.
  • To discuss the global prevalence and cultural significance of betel chewing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on betel quid composition and effects.
  • Epidemiological data on betel consumption prevalence.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Clinical observations on oral health outcomes associated with betel use.

    • Main Results:

    • Betel quid chewing induces mild psychoactive and cholinergic effects, with significant salivary production.
    • Chronic betel use leads to characteristic oral staining of teeth and tissues.
    • Betel use is strongly associated with oral leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, and squamous cell carcinoma.

    Conclusions:

    • Betel quid chewing poses significant risks to oral health, including carcinogenicity.
    • Despite health concerns, betel is prevalent globally and available in Western countries.
    • Public health initiatives should address the risks associated with widespread betel consumption.