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Related Experiment Videos

Changes in cell-cycle kinetics during the development and evolution of primate neocortex

D R Kornack1, P Rakic

  • 1Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. kornack@biomed.med.yale.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 14, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Primate brain expansion results from longer progenitor cell cycles and accelerated divisions during development. This developmental modification of cell division underlies increased neuron production in the primate neocortex.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Neocortical size expansion in primates is significant but its developmental basis is unclear.
  • Cortical cell production relies on progenitor cell-cycle length during neurogenesis, previously studied mainly in rodents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if primate cortical expansion is linked to altered cell-cycle kinetics.
  • To determine cell-cycle length during neurogenesis in fetal rhesus monkeys.

Main Methods:

  • Used cumulative S-phase labeling with bromodeoxyuridine.
  • Measured cell-cycle duration in the proliferative cerebral ventricular zone of fetal rhesus monkeys.

Main Results:

  • Monkey cell-cycle durations were up to 5 times longer than in rodents.

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  • More cell division rounds occurred during the extended neurogenetic period in monkeys.
  • Cell division accelerated during neurogenesis in primate cortical layer development, unlike rodents.

    • Conclusions:

    • Evolutionary changes in progenitor cell division duration and number contribute to neocortical expansion in primates.
    • Modified cell-cycle kinetics are a key factor in the laminar elaboration of the primate neocortex.