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Growth factor action in neural crest cell diversification

M Sieber-Blum1, J M Zhang

  • 1Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.

Journal of Anatomy
|February 4, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Growth factors like SCF and bFGF influence neural crest cell development. Combinations of factors, not single ones, are crucial for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation into various lineages.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neural crest cells are pluripotent, capable of generating multiple cell types.
  • Pluripotent neural crest cells and their derivatives exist even at terminal differentiation sites.
  • Microenvironmental cues play a role in neural crest cell type specification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functions of specific growth factors in neural crest cell progenitor development.
  • To determine the effects of growth factors on neural crest cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Examined the effects of Stem Cell Factor (SCF), Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), and Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3).
  • Assessed trophic, mitogenic, antiproliferative, and differentiation-promoting activities of these factors.

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  • Investigated the rescue effects of factors on cells activated or committed by other growth factors.

    • Main Results:

    • SCF supports pluripotent neural crest cells; SCF plus a neurotrophin supports melanogenic cells.
    • bFGF is mitogenic for both pluripotent and melanogenic cells, but these cells require another factor for survival.
    • TGF-beta 1 acts as a potent antiproliferative signal, overriding bFGF/neurotrophin effects. SCF promotes sensory neuron differentiation, and NT-3 promotes sympathetic neuroblast differentiation.

    Conclusions:

    • Neurotrophins and other growth factors impact neural crest cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation across multiple lineages.
    • The combined action of multiple growth factors is essential for neural crest cell development, more so than individual factors.