Antihypertensive treatment and the responsiveness to glutamate in ventrolateral medulla

We have recently reported that the cardiovascular responses to excitatory amino acids are augmented in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In the present study, we investigated whether the responsiveness to excitatory amino acids would be normalized by antihypertensive treatment. Thus we treated 4-week-old SHR and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with either enalapril (25 mg/kg per day in drinking water) or vehicle for 8 weeks. At 12 weeks of age, systolic blood pressure in the untreated SHR (248+/-9 mm Hg) was significantly (P<.01) higher than that in the enalapril-treated SHR (140+/-4 mm Hg), untreated WKY rats (148+/-4 mm Hg), and enalapril-treated WKY rats (117+/-1 mm Hg). The pressor responses to L-glutamate (2 nmol) microinjected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla were similar in enalapril-treated and untreated SHR (40+/-5 and 47+/-3 mm Hg, respectively, NS), and these responses were significantly greater than that seen in the untreated WKY rats (24+/-2 mm Hg, P<.01). On the other hand, the pressor response to either N-methyl-D-aspartate, an ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist, or (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, a metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, in the enalapril-treated SHR was slightly but significantly smaller than that in the untreated SHR but was still markedly greater than those in untreated and enalapril-treated WKY rats. These results suggest that the augmented responsiveness to excitatory amino acids in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of SHR may be at least partly genetically determined and cannot be normalized by the treatment with enalapril.