Longitudinal correlates of change in blood pressure in adolescent girls

The objective of this study was to assess the longitudinal changes in blood pressure in black and white adolescent girls and evaluate potential determinants of changes in blood pressure, including sexual maturation and body size. A total of 1213 black and 1166 white girls, ages 9 or 10 years at study entry, were followed up through age 14 with annual measurements of height, weight, skinfold thickness, stage of sexual maturation, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and other cardiovascular risk factors. Average blood pressures in black girls were generally 1 to 2 mm Hg higher than in white girls of similar age over the course of the study. Age, race, stage of sexual maturation, height, and body mass index (kg/m2) were all significant univariate predictors of systolic and diastolic blood pressures in longitudinal regression analyses. Black girls had a significantly smaller increase in blood pressure for a given increase in body mass index compared with white girls. The predicted increases in blood pressure per unit increase in body mass index (mm Hg per kg/m2) were as follows: systolic, 0.65+/-0.04 in whites and 0.52+/-0.04 in blacks (P<.001); diastolic fourth Korotkoff phase, 0.31+/-0.04 in whites and 0.15+/-0.03 in blacks (P<.001); and diastolic fifth Korotkoff phase, 0.31+/-0.05 in whites and 0.16+/-0.04 in blacks (P<.001). Understanding of the determinants of the racial differences in blood pressure could provide the rationale for future interventions to reduce the excess cardiovascular mortality in black compared with white women.