Ultrastructure of melanin formation in Verticillium dahliae with (+)-scytalone as a biosynthetic intermediate

Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that melanin of wild-type Verticillium dahliae occurred as granules in microsclerotial cell walls and in a fibrillar network encapsulating the walls. An albino microsclerotial mutant and a brown microsclerotial mutant of V. dahliae did not form melanin granules. When albino microsclerotia were treated with (+)-scytalone (a metabolite that the brown mutant accumulates), they formed melanin granules and turned black. These granules were similar in appearance and distribution to those in the wild type. Melanin granules of the wild-type isolate and the scytalone-treated albino mutant were formed at a maximum rate in microsclerotia from 5- to 8-day-old cultures. These observations suggest that scytalone is a natural intermediate of melanin synthesis in V. dahliae.