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Secondary structures in d(CGG) and d(CCG) repeat tracts

J M Darlow¹, D R Leach

¹Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK.

Journal of Molecular Biology

|February 6, 1998

Summary

The G-rich strand of d(CGG).d(CCG) repeats likely forms quadruplexes under physiological conditions. The C-rich strand forms hairpins, with longer repeats adopting a distorted hairpin structure.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biochemistry
Genetics

Background:

The secondary structures of d(CGG).d(CCG) repeat tracts are debated.
Conflicting conclusions exist regarding hairpin and quadruplex formation in these sequences.

Purpose of the Study:

To review existing research on d(CGG).d(CCG) repeat secondary structures.
To reach a consensus on the predominant structures formed under physiological conditions.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on DNA secondary structures.
Analysis of conflicting experimental findings.
Theoretical investigation of potential structural alignments.

Main Results:

The G-rich strand likely forms quadruplexes, possibly with a d(GGC).d(GGC) alignment featuring G4-quartets and C.G.C.G. quartets.
The C-rich strand forms hairpins, with longer sequences adopting a distorted hairpin structure (d(GCC).d(GCC) alignment).
Discrepancies in previous studies are attributed to varying experimental conditions and interpretations.

Conclusions:

Quadruplex formation is probable for the G-rich strand under physiological conditions.
Hairpin formation is dominant for the C-rich strand, with length-dependent structural variations.
A unified understanding of these repeat tract structures is proposed.

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