Timing of mating and ovarian response in llamas (Lama glama) treated with pFSH

The effect of the timing of mating on ovarian response in llamas was evaluated using 20 adult llamas weighing 90-120 kg which had been in oestrus for 5 days and were treated with 20 mg pFSH every 12 h for the following 5 days (total dose: 200 mg of FSH-NIH-P1). They were randomly allocated to Group A (N = 10) and mated immediately at the end of pFSH treatment or to Group B (n = 10) and mated 36 h after the end of pFSH treatment. Llamas of both groups were given hCG (750 iu, i.m.) immediately after mating. A second mating was allowed 12 h later. Ova and embryos were recovered by non-surgical uterine flushing 7 days after the first mating. Ovarian response was immediately evaluated afterwards via laparoscopy. The mean ovulation rate of 4.5 corpora lutea for Group A was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than the mean of 13.8 observed for Group B. The total ovarian response (number of corpora lutea + follicles > 10 mm) was also significantly higher (P < 0.01) in Group B than in Group A. Twenty-seven ova were recovered in each group, corresponding to 60% and 20% (P < 0.01) of the corpora lutea observed in Groups A and B, respectively; however, no significant difference (P > 0.05) in fertilisation rate was observed. The results show that pFSH induces superovulation in llamas treated during oestrus and that a 36-h interval between the end of FSH treatment and mating increases ovulation rate and the total ovarian response but does not affect the number of ova/embryos recovered.