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Gram-positive anaerobic cocci

D A Murdoch1

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Health Services NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|February 11, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are often implicated in serious infections. Advances in identification methods and studies of virulence factors are crucial for understanding and treating these challenging pathogens.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are commensal flora but also significant pathogens in various infections.
  • Inadequate classification and identification challenges have historically limited research on GPAC.
  • Recent studies highlight the need for taxonomic revision and improved diagnostic methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of GPAC, focusing on classification, identification, and clinical significance.
  • To discuss recent advances in identifying GPAC and understanding their virulence factors.
  • To compare antibiotic susceptibility patterns among different GPAC species.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GPAC classification and identification.
  • Analysis of nucleic acid studies for taxonomic revision.
  • Evaluation of preformed enzyme kits for GPAC identification.
  • Examination of studies on virulence factors of specific GPAC species (e.g., P. magnus, P. micros).
  • Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility data for various GPAC species.

Main Results:

  • Nucleic acid studies suggest a need for significant reclassification at the genus level.
  • Preformed enzyme kits offer a more accurate and rapid identification method compared to traditional fermentation tests.
  • Peptostreptococcus magnus and Peptostreptococcus micros are increasingly recognized as important pathogens.
  • Virulence factors of P. magnus are being elucidated, showing similarities to Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Significant inter-species differences in antibiotic susceptibility exist, with penicillins generally being the treatment of choice, though resistance is noted in P. anaerobius.

Conclusions:

  • GPAC classification requires revision, with ongoing formal recognition of new species.
  • Improved laboratory identification methods are available and essential for routine diagnostics.
  • Understanding the specific virulence of species like P. magnus and P. micros is critical for infection management.
  • Tailored antibiotic strategies are necessary due to varying susceptibility patterns among GPAC species.

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