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Ageing and physiological functions

A Young1

  • 1University Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|February 14, 1998
PubMed
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Aging progressively erodes physiological safety margins, increasing risks for age-related diseases and functional decline. This decline is often due to cell loss, a fundamental aspect of aging that requires further understanding.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Physiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Physiological functions in youth possess substantial spare capacity.
  • Aging is associated with a gradual reduction in these physiological safety margins.
  • The prevalence of chronic diseases increases with age, complicating the study of age-related functional decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the age-related erosion of physiological safety margins.
  • To highlight the link between declining function and increased susceptibility to disease and functional impairment.
  • To emphasize the poorly understood role of cell loss in aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological changes associated with aging.
  • Examples of age-related functional declines in bone, kidney, liver, and muscle.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of the impact of chronic pathologies on physiological function assessment.

    • Main Results:

    • Aging leads to reduced bone mass, glomerular filtration rate, renal tubular function, hepatic function, and lower limb explosive power.
    • These declines approach thresholds that increase susceptibility to fractures, renal failure, dehydration, medication toxicity, and impaired mobility.
    • Loss of functioning cells is a significant contributor to age-related functional decline, even without overt disease.

    Conclusions:

    • The erosion of physiological safety margins is a hallmark of aging.
    • Age-related cell loss is a fundamental, yet poorly understood, mechanism driving functional decline.
    • Understanding these processes is crucial for addressing age-related health issues and maintaining functional independence.