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Memory, language, and ageing

D M Burke1, D G Mackay

  • 1Psychology Department, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|February 14, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Practicing familiar skills enhances cognitive functioning in old age. While new learning declines, memory for well-practiced information and skills remains relatively preserved, highlighting a key aspect of cognitive aging.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging

Background:

  • Cognitive functioning changes with age, affecting memory and language.
  • Normal aging presents a pattern of both preserved and impaired cognitive abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide theoretical and empirical support for using practice and familiar skills to enhance cognitive function in older adults.
  • To review age-related changes in memory and language and their implications for cognitive aging theories.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of empirical research on age-related cognitive changes.
  • Analysis of patterns in memory and language performance in normal old age.

Main Results:

  • Memory for practiced skills and familiar information (factual, semantic, autobiographical) is generally preserved.

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  • Memory requiring new connections (recent events, new facts, source recall) is impaired.
  • Language production, specifically word finding and spelling, shows age-related declines.

    • Conclusions:

    • A pattern of preserved old learning and impaired new learning exists across different memory types.
    • This pattern challenges information-universal theories of cognitive aging.
    • Information-specific theories may better explain the differential impact of aging on cognitive abilities.