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A mathematical model for hypothetical force distribution between opposing jaws

J Kieser1, T Gebbie, K Ksiezycka

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

The Journal of the Dental Association of South Africa = Die Tydskrif Van Die Tandheelkundige Vereniging Van Suid-Afrika
|November 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

The lower jaw

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Anthropology
  • Dental Anatomy

Background:

  • The traditional view of the lower jaw (mandible) as a simple Class III lever may oversimplify its complex biomechanical function.
  • Understanding the forces acting on the mandible is crucial for fields ranging from anthropology to dental implantology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that mandibular bite force is not solely determined by jaw length and lever class.
  • To analyze the distribution of forces along the dental arch using a biomechanical model.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of relevant dimensions were taken from 58 dry human skulls (29 male) from the Dart Collection.
  • A mathematical model was employed, incorporating force analyses in both sagittal and frontal planes.
  • Calculated forces were mapped along a schematic dental arch.

Main Results:

  • Calculated bite forces increased linearly along the dental arch model up to a point of maximum force (Fmax).
  • Beyond Fmax, forces gradually decreased towards the posterior limit of the dental arch.
  • The location of Fmax differed between sexes, occurring at 56.54 mm in males and 53.31 mm in females from the glenoid fossa baseline.

Conclusions:

  • The lower jaw's force distribution is more complex than a simple lever model suggests.
  • A specific point of maximum force (Fmax) exists along the dental arch, with variations between males and females.
  • These findings have implications for understanding mandibular function and potentially for dental and orthodontic applications.

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