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Related Experiment Videos

History assignment: when was the mitochondrion founded?

M l Sogin1

  • 1Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA. sogin@mbl.edu

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|February 20, 1998
PubMed
Summary

The origin of eukaryotes involved early protist diversification before major groups like plants and animals emerged. The first eukaryotes likely lacked mitochondria and plastids, though their ancestors may have been present.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Molecular phylogenetics
  • Cell biology

Background:

  • The diversification of major eukaryotic lineages (plants, animals, fungi) occurred relatively rapidly.
  • This radiation was preceded by the divergence of numerous independent protist lineages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary history of early eukaryotes and the origin of key organelles.
  • To reconcile phylogenetic data regarding the timing of organelle acquisition and eukaryotic diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear-coded proteins.
  • Comparative genomics to infer ancestral states.

Main Results:

  • The earliest eukaryotic branches represent organisms lacking mitochondria and plastids.

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  • Evidence suggests ancestral mitochondrial symbionts were present in the first eukaryotes.
  • Discrepancies exist in the timing of mitochondrial symbiont divergence versus nuclear gene-based eukaryotic branching.

    • Conclusions:

    • The primitive eukaryotic state likely did not possess mitochondria or plastids.
    • The presence of ancestral mitochondrial symbionts in early eukaryotes is supported by phylogenetic data.
    • Further research is needed to align organelle symbiont evolution with nuclear-based eukaryotic phylogeny.