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Mechanical changes in the knee after meniscectomy

W R Krause, M H Pope, R J Johnson

    The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
    |July 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    The menisci in knees play a crucial role in load transmission and energy absorption. Removing them significantly increases joint stress, highlighting their importance in knee biomechanics.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Biomechanics
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • The menisci are critical soft tissue structures within the knee joint.
    • Their precise biomechanical functions, particularly under compressive loading, require further elucidation.
    • Understanding meniscal function is vital for treating knee injuries and degenerative conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the load-transmitting and energy-absorbing roles of the knee menisci.
    • To quantify the impact of meniscectomy on knee joint stress.
    • To examine the mechanical behavior of the meniscus under compression, specifically the presence of hoop stresses.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a compression testing machine to apply increasing loads at various strain rates.

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  • Tested twelve canine and twelve human cadaver knees.
  • Performed tests with intact menisci, one meniscus removed, and both menisci removed.

    • Main Results:

    • Menisci demonstrated significant load-transmitting and energy-absorbing functions.
    • Meniscectomy led to a significant increase in stress across the knee joint.
    • Intact menisci deformed under load, indicating the presence of hoop stresses, rather than being passively displaced.

    Conclusions:

    • The menisci are essential for knee joint stability and load distribution.
    • Partial or complete meniscectomy compromises the knee's ability to handle stress.
    • Hoop stresses within the meniscus are integral to its mechanical function during loading.