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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
08:56

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

Ludwig Symposium on biliary disorders. Autoimmune cholangitis: a unique entity?

S Sherlock1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, England.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|February 24, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune cholangitis, an overlap of primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis, presents with specific autoantibodies and liver enzyme elevations. Treatment involves ursodeoxycholic acid and potentially prednisolone.

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Partial Bile Duct Ligation in the Mouse: A Controlled Model of Localized Obstructive Cholestasis
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A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia
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A Mouse Model of Chronic Liver Fibrosis for the Study of Biliary Atresia

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Overlap syndromes between cholestatic autoimmune chronic hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis are increasingly recognized.
  • Diagnosis relies on characteristic serum autoantibody patterns, though their role in liver injury is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a distinct clinical entity resembling primary biliary cirrhosis but lacking antimitochondrial antibodies.
  • To characterize the histologic, serologic, and therapeutic response in patients with this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of five patients (3 female, 2 male) with specific liver histology.
  • Analysis of serum autoantibodies (antimitochondrial antibody M2, antinuclear antibody), liver enzymes (transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase), and response to prednisolone.

Main Results:

  • Patients exhibited primary biliary cirrhosis-like histology but negative antimitochondrial antibody (M2) tests and positive antinuclear antibody.
  • Elevated serum transaminases (4-6x upper limit of normal) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were observed.
  • Prednisolone therapy yielded partial response: reduced inflammation but persistent high gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and bile duct lesions.

Conclusions:

  • The condition, termed "autoimmune cholangitis," represents an overlap between primary biliary cirrhosis and autoimmune hepatitis.
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid is recommended, with prednisolone as a potential adjunct therapy despite limited efficacy.
  • Further research into the pathogenesis and optimal treatment of autoimmune cholangitis is warranted.