New directions for the study of overweight

In this issue, three authors contribute to our knowledge of triggers or cues to weight-related behavior. Two of these authors focus on the effect of emotion on eating behavior. Popkess-Vawter, Wendel, Schmoll, and O'Connell (1998, in this issue) explicate reversal theory as a way to account for feelings and stress that trigger weight cyclers to overeat. Timmerman (1998, in this issue), in a study of nonpurge binge eaters, reports the relationship between caloric intake patterns and binge eating. Both researchers have added to our knowledge about triggers to eating behavior. Finally, Brink and Ferguson (1998), in their study of male and female successful dieters, add to the limited knowledge concerning triggers to weight loss. They describe reasons for deciding to lose weight among a population of successful underweight, normal weight, and obese dieters. Three authors contribute to the new weight research thrust of prevention. Two of the authors report the results of intervention studies. Reifsnider (1998, in this issue), in the only article on children, presents a follow-up study of a family-focused, community-based nursing intervention for growth-deficient, low-income Euro-American and Mexican American preschool children. Her work is an example of the context- and lifestyle-sensitive prevention-focused studies needed in weight research. Ciliska (1998, in this issue) reports findings from a randomized trial of a psycho-educational intervention with obese healthy women aimed at increasing self-esteem and decreasing restrained eating patterns. Her work follows some new thinking in the area of weight control that recognizes the dangers of chronic dieting and proposes a focus on self-acceptance, better nutrition, regular physical activity, and the prevention of further weight gain triggered by chronic dieting (Brownell & Cohen, 1995). Walker (1998, in this issue), the third author, in a multiethnic study of new mothers, explores the concept of weight-related distress and associations of anthropometric and psychosocial variables with feelings about weight. Her work adds to our understanding about critical periods and risks for weight gain. Allan (1998, in this issue), in a study of African American, Euro-American, and Mexican American women, reports women's explanatory models of overweight and the congruence of these models with professional models and recommendations for treatment for overweight. Her research contributes needed understandings of how high-risk populations view overweight, how participants' lifestyles and situations influence their ideas about weight, and how these perspectives influence efforts to control weight. Nursing needs to continue to refine and rethink what constitutes research on weight. This special issue offers some examples of scholars attempting to trailblaze new directions in nursing weight research. One thrust has been the significant attention on weight as a focus of investigation and not just as one of several health behaviors. A second and equally compelling area of inquiry has been the explicit attention directed to studying people of color, especially women, within the social context of their lives. Because ethnicity, social status, and gender are inextricably intertwined with health, one challenge is to try to understand weight issues through an ethnic, gender, and social status lens. Researchers who embrace this paradigm refuse to look at weight as a homogeneous condition but focus their attention instead on specific subgroups in the population without making middle-class Euro-Americans the norm. The number of researchers who are examining connections between ethnicity and social status and weight is growing. The complexity of weight-health promotion requires that we not only boldly examine weight in relationship to the individual in context but also explicate the macroenvironmental influences on weight. More needs to be done to translate findings from this body of research into better models