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Monocyte infiltration into venous valves

T Ono1, J J Bergan, G W Schmid-Schönbein

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, USA.

Journal of Vascular Surgery
|February 25, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Leukocyte infiltration, specifically monocytes and macrophages, is linked to venous valve damage in patients with venous dysfunction. This finding may explain the development of primary venous insufficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Venous Disease Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Greater saphenous veins in patients with venous dysfunction often have damaged valves.
  • These valves can be shrunken, deformed, or monocuspid.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between leukocyte infiltration and damage in venous valves.
  • To determine if monocytes and macrophages contribute to venous valve pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 17 refluxing greater saphenous vein specimens and 4 control specimens.
  • Histological examination using anti-CD64 antibody to identify monocytes/macrophages.
  • Stereologic techniques to quantify leukocyte infiltration in valve leaflets and venous walls.

Main Results:

  • All analyzed specimens showed monocyte/macrophage infiltration in valve leaflets and venous walls.
  • Leukocyte infiltration was more pronounced in the valve sinus and proximal wall.
  • Control specimens from healthy individuals exhibited no such infiltration.

Conclusions:

  • Venous valve damage in refluxing saphenous veins is associated with leukocyte (monocyte/macrophage) infiltration.
  • Fluid dynamics and cell activation may facilitate leukocyte entry into the endothelium.
  • Leukocyte infiltration is a potential factor in the development of primary venous dysfunction.

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