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Refractive errors in children born before 32 weeks gestation

P M Pennefather1, W Tin, N P Strong

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, UK.

Eye (London, England)
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
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Refractive errors in preterm infants are linked to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, for infants without severe ROP, refractive error rates are comparable to the general population.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neonatal studies
  • Pediatric research

Background:

  • Premature birth before 32 weeks gestation poses risks for infant development.
  • Refractive errors are common vision impairments in children.
  • Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a significant concern in extremely preterm infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and types of refractive errors.
  • To assess refractive outcomes in a cohort of children born before 32 weeks gestation.
  • To compare refractive error incidence with and without severe retinopathy of prematurity.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 558 children born before 32 weeks gestation was studied.
  • Examinations were conducted at 2 years of age.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Refractive errors including myopia, hypermetropia, anisometropia, and astigmatism were documented.

    • Main Results:

    • Severe retinopathy of prematurity (stage 3 or worse) was associated with myopia.
    • In infants without severe ROP, myopia occurred in 1.5%.
    • Other refractive errors in this group included hypermetropia (>4 D) in 5.4%, anisometropia (>1 D) in 1.1%, and astigmatism (>1.25 D) in 5.7%.

    Conclusions:

    • The incidence of refractive errors in preterm infants without severe ROP is similar to that observed in the general population.
    • This suggests that severe ROP is a key factor influencing refractive outcomes in this cohort.
    • Early monitoring for refractive errors is crucial for preterm infants, especially those with a history of ROP.