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Related Experiment Videos

Characteristic ground-reaction forces in baseball pitching

B A MacWilliams1, T Choi, M K Perezous

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|February 25, 1998
PubMed
Summary
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Baseball pitchers generate significant forces with their legs during the throwing motion. Strengthening the lower extremities is crucial for enhancing pitching performance and preventing injuries.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Baseball Pitching Analysis

Background:

  • Overhand throwing mechanics are complex, involving the entire kinetic chain.
  • Previous research primarily focused on the throwing arm, neglecting lower extremity contributions.
  • Arm mechanics may be influenced by lower limb performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of lower extremities in overhand throwing.
  • To correlate ground-reaction forces and kinematics in baseball pitchers.
  • To establish the clinical significance of the lower extremity in throwing.

Main Methods:

  • Measured multicomponent ground-reaction forces of push-off and landing limbs in baseball pitchers.
  • Simultaneously recorded full-body kinematics during the pitching cycle.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Correlated kinematic phases with measured ground-reaction force data.

    • Main Results:

    • Push-off leg generated shear forces of 0.35 body weight in the pitch direction.
    • Landing leg resisted forces up to 0.72 body weight.
    • Higher wrist velocity correlated significantly with increased leg drive.

    Conclusions:

    • The lower extremity is a critical component of the throwing motion.
    • Clinical observations linking lower limb function to throwing performance are validated.
    • Lower extremity strengthening may improve pitching performance and reduce injury risk.