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Infant mortality and low birthweight, 1975 to 1995

F Nault1

  • 1Health Statistics Division at Statistics Canada, Ottawa.

Health Reports
|January 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Infant mortality decline has slowed due to increased low birthweight incidence. This trend is partly explained by more births to older and unmarried mothers in Canada.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Demography

Background:

  • Infant mortality and low birthweight are key indicators of population health.
  • Trends in these indicators can reflect changes in maternal and infant care, as well as socioeconomic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in infant mortality and low birthweight in Canada between 1975 and 1995.
  • To investigate the influence of maternal characteristics on low birthweight incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Canadian Vital Statistics Data Base for national, provincial, and territorial data from 1975-1995.
  • Calculated infant mortality, perinatal mortality, and low birthweight rates.
  • Standardized low birthweight incidence by maternal age and marital status using 1985 distributions to assess demographic impacts.

Main Results:

  • A slowdown in the decline of infant and perinatal mortality rates was observed.
  • Increased incidence of low birthweight was identified as a contributing factor to the slowed mortality decline.
  • Rising proportions of births to mothers aged 35 and older and to unmarried mothers partially explained the increase in low birthweight incidence.

Conclusions:

  • The slowing decline in infant mortality is linked to rising low birthweight rates.
  • Changes in maternal demographics, specifically increased births to older and unmarried women, are associated with higher low birthweight rates.
  • Further research into maternal factors influencing birthweight is warranted.

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