Neuroendocrine tumors of the uterus

Neuroendocrine tumors of the uterus are rare. When present, the majority is found in the uterine cervix. Several theories on the histogenesis of these tumors have been proposed including an origin from local neuroendocrine cells or from reserve cells. The latter hypothesis is supported by the fact that not too seldom uterine neuroendocrine tumors contain other histological components including adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma or even both. A firm diagnosis can usually the rendered when immunostainings and/or electron microscopy are performed, in addition to conventional light microscopy and Grimelius stain. The tumors react positively for a diversity of so-called neuroendocrine markers and several hormonal substances. Ultrastructurally, they contain dense- core neurosecretory granules. Prognosis is usually poor with most patients dying within one year from diagnosis. Survival can only be achieved in patients who present with early disease.