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Related Experiment Videos

Acyclovir- and ganciclovir-induced neurotoxicity

M E Ernst1, R J Franey

  • 1College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA. michael-ernst@uiowa.edu

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|February 26, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Increased use of acyclovir and ganciclovir in AIDS and transplant patients raises concerns for neurotoxicity. Vigilant monitoring for neurologic adverse effects is crucial, especially with renal dysfunction, to ensure patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acyclovir and ganciclovir are increasingly prescribed, particularly for patients with AIDS and organ transplants.
  • This rise in usage correlates with a greater likelihood of encountering associated adverse effects, including neurotoxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential for neurologic toxicity associated with acyclovir and ganciclovir.
  • To emphasize the importance of monitoring for neurotoxicity in patients receiving these antiviral agents.

Main Methods:

  • Review of case reports and clinical data regarding acyclovir and ganciclovir neurotoxicity.
  • Analysis of risk factors, including renal dysfunction, and their impact on neurotoxicity.
  • Discussion of management strategies, such as drug discontinuation or dosage reduction.

Main Results:

  • Neurotoxicity is a significant adverse effect of both acyclovir and ganciclovir.
  • Renal dysfunction is identified as a risk factor for neurotoxicity with both agents.
  • Neurotoxicity can occur even in patients with normal renal function, necessitating continuous vigilance.

Conclusions:

  • Discontinuation or dose reduction of acyclovir or ganciclovir is essential for managing neurotoxicity.
  • Increased monitoring and dosage adjustments are recommended for patients with renal dysfunction to mitigate neurotoxicity risks.
  • Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for drug-induced neurotoxicity, regardless of renal status.

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