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Role of the complement system in pulmonary disorders

J F Regal1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Duluth 55812-2487, USA. jregal@d.umn.edu

Immunopharmacology
|February 26, 1998
PubMed
Summary

The complement system significantly contributes to lung immune injuries like anaphylaxis and asthma, challenging traditional classifications. Understanding these complement pathways offers new therapeutic targets for pulmonary diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Allergy and Asthma Research

Background:

  • Immune lung injury is traditionally classified into four hypersensitivity types.
  • The complement system is known to be involved in Type II and Type III hypersensitivity reactions.
  • Anaphylaxis and asthma are typically viewed as Type I hypersensitivity, while hypersensitivity pneumonitis exemplifies Type III.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the complement system and its activation products in pulmonary immune responses.
  • To examine the involvement of complement in experimental models of anaphylaxis, asthma, and immune complex disease.
  • To identify key mediators for developing targeted therapies for lung immune injury.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on complement system involvement in pulmonary hypersensitivity.
  • Analysis of experimental models simulating anaphylaxis, asthma, and immune complex-mediated lung diseases.
  • Identification of complement activation products and their associated mediators.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests complement activation plays a role beyond traditional Type II and III hypersensitivity in lung diseases.
  • Asthma, often considered Type I, shows increasing evidence of T lymphocyte involvement and potential complement contributions.
  • Complement activation products are implicated in the pathogenesis of various experimental pulmonary immune injuries.

Conclusions:

  • Classifying lung immune injuries solely by traditional hypersensitivity types is an oversimplification.
  • The complement system is a critical, yet often overlooked, player in conditions like asthma and anaphylaxis.
  • Targeting complement pathways and mediators presents a promising strategy for novel immunotherapies for lung diseases.

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