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Root canals in two-rooted maxillary second molars

O Carlsen1, V Alexandersen

  • 1Department of Dental Morphology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
|February 26, 1998
PubMed
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Most human maxillary second molars have three root canals, not two. This study analyzed root canal anatomy, revealing variations in number, position, and cross-section shape in permanent teeth.

Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Human Anatomy
  • Dental Morphology

Background:

  • Understanding root canal morphology is crucial for successful endodontic treatment.
  • Maxillary second molars exhibit complex root anatomy, necessitating detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the number, position, and cross-sectional shape of root canals.
  • To analyze the root canal system in human two-rooted, permanent maxillary second molars.

Main Methods:

  • 159 human maxillary second molars extracted in Denmark were analyzed.
  • Teeth were sectioned at mid-root and apical levels using standardized guidelines.
  • Observations were conducted using a stereomicroscope.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • At the mid-root level, 89% of teeth had three canals (mesiofacial, distofacial, lingual), while 11% had two.
  • 62% of mid-root canal cross-sections were non-circular (e.g., C-shaped).
  • Apically, 81% of teeth had three canals, and 60% of cross-sections were non-circular.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of human maxillary second molars possess a three-canal system at both mid-root and apical levels.
  • Significant variations in canal number, position, and cross-sectional morphology exist, impacting endodontic procedures.