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Grass genomes

J L Bennetzen1, P SanMiguel, M Chen

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1392, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 21, 1998
PubMed
Summary

Maize genomes contain over 50% repetitive DNA, mainly retrotransposons between genes. Rice and sorghum genomes have fewer retroelements, with genes often located adjacently, unlike maize.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Comparative genomics
  • Plant molecular biology

Background:

  • Previous grass genome studies focused on genetic maps or single genes.
  • Large-scale genome structure and intergenic regions were less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate large contiguous genome segments in maize, sorghum, and rice.
  • Characterize intergenic spaces and repetitive DNA content.
  • Compare genome organization and collinearity across these grass species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of large contiguous genomic segments.
  • Focus on intergenic DNA.
  • Comparative analysis of maize, rice, and sorghum genomes.

Main Results:

  • Maize genome is >50% interspersed repetitive DNA (retrotransposons), less abundant in rice and sorghum.
  • Maize genes are often flanked by retrotransposon blocks, while rice and sorghum genes are frequently adjacent.
  • Genes show conserved locations and orientations across species, but rearrangements (exceptions to collinearity) are common.

Conclusions:

  • Grass genome structure knowledge aids gene discovery.
  • General rules and biological significance of grass genome organization require further study.
  • The nature and frequency of exceptions to genome structure and collinearity patterns are largely unknown.

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