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Related Concept Videos

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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Recombinant DNA

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Overview
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 3, 2026

Author Spotlight: Streamlining Rice Breeding with CRISPR/Cas for Obtaining Optimal Phenotypic and Agronomic Traits
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The rice genome project in Japan

T Sasaki1

  • 1Rice Genome Research Program, National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, 1-2, Kannondai 2-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 21, 1998
PubMed
Summary

The Rice Genome Research Program has advanced rice genomics through large-scale analysis and mapping. Future genome sequencing will reveal rice DNA, aiding grass species genomics research.

Area of Science:

  • Plant genomics
  • Molecular biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The Rice Genome Research Program has been a leader in rice genomics since 1991.
  • Previous research included large-scale cDNA analysis, RFLP mapping, and physical mapping using YAC clones.
  • These efforts established rice as a model organism for cereal crop research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To advance to the next stage of rice genomics: whole genome sequencing.
  • To comprehensively map and sequence the entire rice genome.
  • To provide essential data for understanding the genomics of other grass species.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale complementary DNA (cDNA) analysis.
  • Construction of a high-resolution restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map.

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  • Physical mapping of the rice genome utilizing yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant contributions to grass genome research.
    • Established rice as a model plant for cereal genomics.
    • Laid the groundwork for comprehensive genome sequencing.

    Conclusions:

    • The Rice Genome Research Program is initiating genome sequencing in 1998.
    • This project will provide complete genomic sequence information for rice.
    • The data will be crucial for comparative genomics across grass species.